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Spousal Sponsorship Eligibility Requirements | Who can be Sponsored | Country-Specific Requirements
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Spousal Sponsorship Canada 2026

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Canada’s spousal sponsorship program is a Family Class stream designed to support family reunification. Spousal sponsorship applications fall into three relationship categories—spouses, common-law partners, and conjugal partners—which guide how Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada assesses eligibility and relationship genuineness. These categories apply equally to opposite-sex and and LGBTQ+ couples.

To begin, the sponsor must meet eligibility requirements, submit the required application forms and supporting documents, and accept the financial obligations of the sponsorship undertaking. The couple must demonstrate a genuine, ongoing relationship supported by credible and well-documented evidence.

Couples may apply through either the inland or outland process, depending on where the sponsored partner resides. Inland applicants who are already in Canada may be eligible to apply for an Open Work Permit while their sponsorship application is in process. Outland applicants may apply for a Visitor Visa to visit Canada during processing, if eligible.

The process involves submitting the application and government fees, followed by IRCC completeness checks, background and security screening, and admissibility assessments. Biometrics and an immigration medical examination are required for the sponsored person. Average processing times are at least 12 months, though timelines vary depending on case complexity, the applicant’s country of residence, and IRCC workload. Applicants can track the progress of their permanent residence applications online.

Applications may be refused due to insufficient proof of a genuine relationship, incomplete documentation, or inadmissibility concerns. Outland refusals may be appealed to the Immigration Appeal Division.

A well-prepared application can help reduce delays and minimize the risk of refusal. Our Canadian immigration consultants assist clients at every stage—from eligibility assessment to a complete, well-organized submission. Between 2023 and 2025, we assisted over 1,200 couples with their sponsorship cases. For personalized guidance, you can book an initial consultation with one of our specialists. You may also review our Spousal Sponsorship fees for a clear overview of our services.

Spousal SponsorShip Application Timeline

Spousal Sponsorship Timeline 2026 | Document Checklist Requirements | IRCC Processing Time | IRCC Application Fees | Application Status Tracker

How Long Is the Spousal PR Process?

The spouse PR timeline is a top concern for every couple. While exact timelines vary based on the applicant’s country of residence, visa office, and case complexity, most straightforward applications follow these averages:

  • Outland: ~ 10–12 months
  • Inland: ~ 12–24 months
  • Complex cases, background/security delays, or certain regions may take longer.

It is normal to experience long periods with no visible updates, especially during background checks. 

Step 1: Confirm Eligibility

  • Sponsor meets Canadian requirements.
  • Applicant meets admissibility criteria.
  • Choose the correct application type:
    • Inland (may allow for a Spousal Open Work Permit — SOWP)
    • Outland

Taking the time to confirm eligibility at the beginning helps avoid returned applications, refusals, and unnecessary delays. This step ensures you choose the correct stream and move forward with confidence before preparing the full application package.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

  • Police Certificates: Must be issued within the last 6 months before submission to avoid expiration and delays.
  • Medical Exam: Do not complete an upfront medical unless IRCC specifically instructs you to. Medicals are valid for 12 months, and most applications exceed this timeframe – meaning you may need to repeat (and pay for) another exam.
  • Relationship evidence, forms, photos, passports, and country-specific documents.

Step 3: Complete All IRCC Forms

Ensure all signatures, dates, and required fields are complete to avoid a returned application.

IRCC forms must be completed accurately and consistently across all sections. Even small errors, missing signatures, or mismatched information can result in the entire application being returned, causing significant delays. Taking time to carefully review each form before submission helps ensure the application moves forward without interruption.

Step 4: Pay IRCC Fees

Includes sponsorship fee, biometrics fee, and right of permanent residence fee (RPRF).

Paying all required fees upfront is recommended to prevent processing delays later in the application. If the right of permanent residence fee (RPRF) is not paid at submission, IRCC will request it later, which can slow final approval. Always keep copies of payment receipts as proof for your records.

Step 5: Submit the Application Online

Please ensure all forms are electronically signed, your document checklist is complete, and your processing fees have been paid. Once submitted, you cannot edit your application.

It is important to review the entire application carefully before clicking submit. Double-check uploaded documents, signatures, and payment confirmations to ensure everything is accurate and complete. A final review helps reduce the risk of delays caused by errors or missing information.

Step 6: Acknowledgement of Receipt (AOR)

1–3 months after submission

You receive confirmation that:

  • The application is in processing
  • A file number is assigned
  • You may now apply for the SOWP (Inland applicants), which typically takes 1–4 months to process

Step 7: Biometrics Instruction Letter (BIL)

Month 3–4

  •  IRCC requests biometrics, usually early in the process.
  • Even if biometrics were recently given for a visa, a new set is often required for the PR file.

After receiving the Biometrics Instruction Letter, the applicant must book and complete biometrics at an authorized collection centre within the required timeframe.

Step 8: Sponsor Assessment

Month 3–5

IRCC evaluates the sponsor’s eligibility.
If approved, IRCC issues the Sponsor Approval (SA) letter.

During this stage, IRCC reviews the sponsor’s status, financial obligations, and past sponsorship history to confirm eligibility before moving the application forward.

Step 9: Principal Applicant Processing

Months 4–10

After sponsor approval, IRCC assesses the applicant’s eligibility.

Medical Exam Request (IMM 1017): Issued if no upfront medical was completed.
Background Checks: Criminality, security screening, and information sharing.
Eligibility Review: Relationship genuineness and supporting documentation.
Additional Requests: Updated police certificates, extra evidence, or—rarely—an interview if concerns arise.

Step 10: Final Review & Decision Made

Month 11–12

 IRCC confirms that all of the following have passed:

  • Eligibility
  • Medical
  • Criminality
  • Security

Step 11: COPR Issuance / Passport Request

2–4 weeks after Decision Made

 Inland Applicants:

  • Receive an email to access the PR Confirmation Portal.
  • Complete online steps to confirm presence in Canada.

Outland Applicants:

  • Receive Passport Request (PPR) or Ready for Visa (RFV) instructions.
  • Submit passport for counterfoil visa and receive your paper COPR.

Step 12: Landing / PR Confirmation

  • Outside Canada:
     Land at a Canadian airport or land border with your COPR.
  • Inside Canada: Confirm via the online PR portal → receive eCOPR → PR card is mailed.

This step officially finalizes permanent resident status. Once landing is completed or eCOPR is issued, the applicant becomes a permanent resident of Canada and can begin exercising PR rights while waiting for the physical PR card.

Can I Sponsor My ——– to Canada?

PR for Spouse

Applying for a marriage visa through Canada’s spousal sponsorship program is one of the most reliable pathways for couples who want to build a stable life together. Whether you are pursuing wife sponsorship or husband sponsorship, the process requires proving a genuine marriage, meeting all IRCC requirements, and submitting strong documentary evidence. Because marriage immigration in Canada must reflect a real relationship, officers review each file carefully and may schedule a marriage interview if they need more details.

When you submit your sponsorship application, both spouses must complete biometrics, a medical exam, and police certificates. The Canadian sponsor must also sign a three-year undertaking, similar in responsibility to a contract marriage, agreeing to provide financial support once the spouse becomes a permanent resident. This undertaking is legally binding, and the sponsor remains financially responsible for their spouse for 3 years, even if the couple divorces, separates, the spouse loses their job, or receives social assistance. If the sponsored partner does receive welfare, the sponsor must repay the government.

Couples can apply from inside Canada as well as from outside the country.

  • Inland processing: available when both partners are living together in Canada and may allow the sponsored spouse to receive an open work permit while waiting.
  • Outland processing: required when the spouse is living outside Canada and can sometimes be faster depending on the visa office.

During the review, IRCC may request an immigration letter where you outline your relationship history so the officer can better understand your marriage.

Completing a successful marriage sponsorship application requires strong organization, accurate paperwork, and clear proof that the partnership is genuine. With proper guidance and well-prepared evidence, spouse sponsorship remains one of the most reliable ways for married partners to reunite in Canada and build a secure, long-term future together.

PR For Common-law partner

Common-law partner sponsorship is for couples who are not legally married but have lived together in a committed, marriage-like relationship for 12 consecutive months. This full year of continuous cohabitation—with only short, temporary absences permitted—is what establishes common-law partnerships under Canadian immigration rules.

In addition to the general requirements for all spousal sponsorship categories, common-law applications must meet a few conditions specific to this program:

  • The couple must have lived together for 12 continuous months; short absences are allowed, but long periods apart interrupt cohabitation.
  • The relationship must operate much like a common-law marriage, with shared daily life and mutual support.
  • A person may still qualify as a common-law partner even if legally married to someone else, as long as the earlier relationship has ended in practice and the required year of cohabitation with the new partner is proven.
  • For outland applications, the 12-month cohabitation period must be completed before applying.
  • For inland applications, the partner must be living in Canada with a valid temporary status unless exempt under a public policy.

Because common-law couples are not married, IRCC expects strong documentation showing shared residence and evidence that the partners have integrated their daily lives. 

The application process follows the standard spousal sponsorship steps but places additional emphasis on proving cohabitation. The sponsor must also sign a three-year undertaking beginning on the day the partner becomes a permanent resident (PR).

Most common-law partner immigration applications take around 12 months to process, depending on IRCC’s workload and any requests for additional information.

PR For conjugal partner

Conjugal Partner Sponsorship is a pathway within the family class for couples who share a committed, marriage-like bond but cannot marry or live together due to serious external barriers. It supports partners who have maintained a stable conjugal relationship for at least a year yet face immigration limits, legal restrictions, or safety concerns that prevent them from becoming spouses or common-law partners.

Who can sponsor? 

  • Canadian citizens (including those abroad who plan to return to Canada)
  • Permanent residents living in Canada 
  • Those ready to commit for 3 years to meeting basic needs of their partners from the day they become a permanent resident
  • No set minimum income requirement unless the partner has a dependent child who also has their own dependent children

These requirements help ensure the applicant can be supported.

To qualify for a conjugal partner visa, couples must show long-term commitment and meet IRCC requirements. Evidence can include communication records, shared plans, photos, and travel proof. Check out the conjugal partnership checklist to stay organized. Objective proof of barriers – such as visa refusals, restrictive laws, or safety risks – is essential to explain why marriage or cohabitation isn’t possible.

The conjugal partner visa applies only when no other sponsorship category fits. If a couple can marry or live together, IRCC will not accept the conjugal relationship route. Because this stream is carefully reviewed in conjugal immigration, strong documentation is crucial.

After submission, the typical processing time is typically around 12–18 months or more depending on location/province. Since the conjugal visa cannot be filed inside Canada, applicants are not eligible for an open work permit.

With clear evidence and honest explanations, couples can build a strong case for conjugal partner sponsorship.

PR For Same-Sex Marriages & LGBTQ+ Couples

Canada is widely recognized as one of the most inclusive countries for LGBTQ+ families. All LGBTQ+ couples are eligible for spousal sponsorship under the same rules as opposite-sex couples, and Canadian immigration law provides pathways for partners to reunite and live together in Canada. Couples may qualify as legally married spouses, as common-law partners after 12 months of cohabitation, or as conjugal partners when significant barriers make marriage or living together impossible.

Canada recognizes LGBTQ+ marriages performed in Canada or abroad, provided the marriage was legally valid where it occurred. Even if a couple’s home country does not acknowledge gender-diverse or same-sex marriages, Canada will still consider the union valid for immigration purposes. If marriage is not legal or safe, the common-law or conjugal category may be more appropriate.

LGBTQ+ couples may also face challenges that are not typically experienced by opposite-sex couples, such as:

  • Criminalization or discrimination in the partner’s home country
  • The need to keep the relationship private for safety
  • Limited public photos or joint documents
  • Inability to live together due to restrictive laws or risks
  • Difficulty obtaining visas to meet or cohabit
  • Gender-marker discrepancies or outdated identity documents

These circumstances do not prevent sponsorship; they simply require clear explanations and, where necessary, alternative forms of evidence. LGBTQ+ couples may apply through inland sponsorship when the partner is already in Canada, or through outland sponsorship when the partner is abroad or when travel is unsafe.

Processing times generally follow standard spousal sponsorship timelines, though cases may take longer when anti-LGBTQ+ environments, limited documentation, or additional review steps are involved.

PR For fiancé/Fiancée

Canada does not offer a specific immigration pathway for fiancés, so being engaged on its own does not make someone eligible to immigrate. Unlike countries that issue a fiancé visa for the purpose of marriage, Canada requires couples to fit into one of the existing family sponsorship categories before they can apply for permanent residence. Because of this, partners who hope to come to Canada must qualify under a relationship category that is already recognized by immigration legislation.

When an engaged couple is looking for options, there are three main pathways they usually consider:

  • Spousal Sponsorship: Couples who decide to marry can submit an application as spouses. This is the closest alternative to a fiancé-type process because the sponsorship can begin once the marriage is legally established.
  • Common-Law Sponsorship: This route is available to partners who have lived together continuously for at least a year and can show that they shared a life together during that time.
  • Conjugal Partner Category: This option applies in situations where marriage or cohabitation simply isn’t possible due to factors such as immigration barriers, cultural restrictions, or safety concerns, but the couple can still demonstrate a committed, ongoing relationship.

Each of these pathways has its own processing time, often around a year, though timelines vary depending on the case and IRCC’s workload. Anyone preparing to apply should look closely at the criteria for each category to understand which one best reflects their circumstances and what steps are required to move forward.

Sponsor Your Spouse to Canada: Eligibility & Requirements

Canada’s spouse sponsorship program allows committed couples to build their life together in Canada, but both partners must meet IRCC’s eligibility and admissibility requirements. Understanding these rules early helps prevent delays, strengthens your application, and ensures a smoother process from start to finish. Whether applying inland or outland, the following requirements form the foundation of a successful sponsorship application.

Sponsor Eligibility Requirements

To sponsor your spouse or partner, you must meet all sponsorship requirements set by IRCC. 

YOU MAY BE ELIBIBLE TO SPONSOR IF YOU:

  • Are 18 years of age or older
  • Are a Canadian citizen, permanent resident (PR), or registered Indian under the Canadian Indian Act
  • Live in Canada, or (if a Canadian citizen abroad) can prove you will return once your partner becomes a permanent resident (PR)
  • Permanent residents must be residing in Canada to sponsor
  • Are not receiving social assistance, except for disability
  • Can demonstrate the ability to support both yourself and your spouse or partner. IRCC does not require a fixed minimum income for spouse sponsorship, but may review your financial situation if there are concerns about your ability to meet basic needs. 

Please note: Sponsorship rules in Quebec are different due to a separate provincial undertaking process.

SITUATIONS WHERE YOU CANNOT SPONSOR

You may not be eligible to sponsor if:

  • You were sponsored as a spouse or partner and became a permanent resident (PR) less than 5 years ago.
  • You previously sponsored a spouse or partner and are still within the 3-year undertaking period.
  • You defaulted on a previous sponsorship undertaking.
  • You are in default of court-ordered support obligations (alimony and/or child support).
  • You are in default of immigration loans or other government debts. (including transportation loans or assistance loans).
  • You are in default of a performance bond.
  • You are an undischarged bankrupt.
  • You are receiving social assistance other than for disability.
  • You are detained or imprisoned (in jail or prison).
  • You are under a removal order.
  • You have certain criminal convictions, including certain violent or sexual offences against a family member (depending on the offence and circumstances).

Note: IRCC may find a sponsor ineligible for other reasons depending on the specific situation.

Sponsorship Undertaking & Responsibilities

Sponsoring your spouse or partner includes signing a legally binding undertaking that outlines your financial responsibilities once the sponsored person becomes a permanent resident (PR).

Sponsoring your spouse means signing a legally binding undertaking to support them once they become a permanent resident (PR). You must provide:

  • Food, clothing, and basic necessities
  • Housing and utilities
  • Essential household items
  • Health-related expenses not covered by public insurance

This undertaking lasts 3 years, starting on the day your spouse becomes a permanent resident (PR) and cannot be cancelled, even if the relationship ends.

Applicant Eligibility Requirements

The person being sponsored must also meet IRCC’s eligibility and admissibility requirements to qualify as a spouse, common-law partner, or conjugal partner.

WHO CAN BE SPONSORED

Your spouse or partner must:

  • Be 18 years of age or older
  • Be legally recognized as your spouse, common-law, or conjugal partner 
  • Be in a genuine, ongoing, and committed relationship with you

RELATIONSHIP GENUINENESS

IRCC must be convinced your relationship is genuine and not for immigration purposes. Officers assess your relationship, including:

  • How/ when you met
  • How the relationship progressed
  • Emotional and financial support
  • Time spent together
  • Communication patterns
  • Family involvement
  • Long-term plans as a couple

Common relationship evidence includes:

  • Photos
  • Travel records
  • Joint bills (utilities, phone plans, internet)
  • leases, or bank accounts
  • Chat logs, call histories, and emails
  • Letters from family and friends
  • Proof of visits
  • Children’s birth certificates (if applicable)
  • Joint insurance (health, auto, life, tenant)
  • Joint memberships or subscriptions

Factors like age differences, cultural differences, or limited cohabitation are not automatic refusals, but they require stronger supporting evidence.

ADMISSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS 

Your spouse or partner must also be admissible to Canada.
Medical: They must complete an approved medical exam.
Criminality: Police certificates are required. Certain convictions can cause inadmissibility unless rehabilitation or a TRP is available.
Security: IRCC performs background and security checks.
Misrepresentation: Providing false or incomplete information can lead to refusal and a 5-year ban.

DEPENDENT CHILDREN

Dependent children may be included if they are under 22 and not married/common-law, or if they are 22+ and financially dependent due to a physical or mental condition. IRCC applies an age lock-in rule, fixing a child’s eligibility age on the date a complete application is submitted.

General Requirements

Inland and Outland Sponsorship Options

  • For inland applications, the couple must be living together in Canada.
  • The sponsored person must have a valid temporary status, qualify for maintained status, or be eligible to apply for restoration.

Learn more about the differences between inland and outland sponsorship. 

Proof of relationship
A strong application includes clear, consistent documentation showing that your relationship is genuine, stable, and ongoing. Learn more. 

Application completeness
Your application must include all required forms, documents, evidence, and full payments of fees. Missing or incomplete items can cause delays or lead to the application being returned.

Processing times
IRCC generally processes spouse sponsorship applications in about 12 months, though timelines vary by application type and visa office workload.

Refusals, appeals & next steps
If refused, outland applicants may appeal to the Immigration Appeal Division, while inland applicants may pursue judicial review or reapply. Learn more.

After approval
Once approved, after landing, a Permanent Residence (PR) card is issued, and the sponsor’s 3-year undertaking begins.

Understanding IRCC’s requirements for both the sponsor and the applicant helps you prepare a strong and complete submission. Clear documentation and proper preparation give you the best chance of an efficient sponsorship process.

Spousal Sponsorship Canada 2026

Country-Specific Requirements

Every year, Canadians sponsor spouses from all over the world, and some countries appear far more frequently in spousal sponsorship applications. While the core IRCC requirements are the same for all applicants, many countries also have country-specific documents or authentication rules that couples must follow. Search below for country-specific spousal sponsorship requirements available for 170+ Countries.

IRCC Application Process

Document Checklist Requirements

The official IRCC checklist for spousal sponsorship must be followed exactly. The checklist shows what both the sponsor and the applicant must provide for the spouse PR application.

In general, you can expect to include:

  • Required forms (sponsorship, permanent residence, background, family info, relationship evaluation, representative form)
  • ID/civil status documents (passports, birth/marriage certificates, divorce/death/name-change papers, certified translations),
  • Status documents for applicants in Canada
  • Relationship proof, tailored to your partnership type:
    • Spouses: marriage certificate + standard relationship evidence.
    • Common-law partners: documentation proving 12 months of living together.
    • Conjugal partners: strong proof of a committed relationship and external barriers preventing marriage or cohabitation.
  • Police certificates: you must include valid certificates for the country where the applicant currently lives and any country where they have lived for 6+ months since age 18.
  • Medical exam and biometrics
  • Financial documents (undertaking, taxes, employment, bank statements).

You must always check the IRCC website for the most precise and up-to-date information regarding the Canada spousal sponsorship checklist before submitting your file.

IRCC Processing Time

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) provides regularly refreshed processing time estimates and processing updates through their official online tool. While these figures are not guaranteed turnaround times, they offer applicants an idea of the duration from the moment a complete application is received until a final decision is issued.

The typical estimate for the sponsor spouse Canada processing time sees many cases finalized in approximately 12 months; however, it is highly variable. The exact speed depends on the following factors:

  • whether the sponsorship application is inside Canada (inland) or outside Canada (outland).
  • the overall complexity of the case (e.g., issues with biometrics or medical exams).
  • the volume of files IRCC is currently managing.

Delays frequently occur due to incomplete forms, missing documents or translations, incorrect fee payments, or if IRCC needs to issue multiple clarification requests. 

The overall timeline also depends on Canada’s annual immigration admissions targets – 84,000 for 2026, dropping to 81,000 in 2027–2028 – which can slow processing. 

IRCC Application Fees

Financial planning for fees for spousal sponsorship involves two categories of costs: Government fees and third-party expenses. This comprehensive breakdown will help you budget accurately.

The government fee is payable in full to IRCC online and currently averages about CAD 1,290 for a standard couple (2025 estimate), plus CAD 170–175 per dependent child. This spousal PR application fee amount encompasses:

  • Sponsorship fee
  • Principal applicant processing fee
  • Right of Permanent Residence Fee (RPRF)
  • Biometrics fee

You must always refer to the official IRCC fee list for the latest amounts, as these immigration fees can change.

Essential third-party expenses not paid to IRCC:

  • Required medical exam by a panel physician
  • Police certificates
  • Certified translations
  • Courier services

Application Status Tracker

After submitting your application for spouse sponsorship, you can track your status through several IRCC tools. Most updates will appear in your IRCC secure online account/PR portal. Key updates include:

  • Document requests
  • Biometrics
  • Medical instructions
  • Decisions

Once your sponsorship application file is accepted as complete and you receive your AOR, you can use the Application Status Tracker to see overall progress, stage updates (eligibility, medical, background), and required actions. This is the primary PR tracker. Some files still use Client Application Status (CAS) or IRCC webforms/phone to confirm their application status.

Applying for spousal sponsorship in Canada leads to permanent residence, but the process you choose can shape your experience while your application is being processed. Applying inside Canada (inland) or outside Canada (outland) affects factors such as where you live, travel flexibility, and whether your spouse may work or visit Canada during processing period. Read more

Receiving a permanent residence refusal from IRCC can be overwhelming and leave couples unsure how to move forward. However, a refusal does not always mean the process is over or that reunification is no longer possible. Depending on the reasons and legal context, applicants may appeal, reapply, or pursue review through the Federal Court when appropriate. Read more

Proving a genuine relationship for spousal sponsorship involves more than completing forms; it requires a clear and consistent story supported by appropriate evidence. IRCC closely reviews relationship proof due to fraud concerns, and expectations vary by relationship type. Quality matters more than quantity, and documents must clearly align with the information in your application. Read more

RightWay Canada is one of Toronto’s leading immigration firms, trusted by thousands of families, including over 1,200 successful spousal sponsorship clients. Our Licensed Immigration Consultants and Case Processing Team provide personalized, detail-focused support. Couples can choose flexible sponsorship packages designed to fit different budgets and support needs. Read more

Frequently Asked Questions

Still have a question? Use the search bar to explore 80+ Spousal Sponsorship FAQs.

Yes. If you are a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, you can sponsor your wife to become a permanent resident of Canada through the family sponsorship program. You must prove your relationship is genuine and show that you can financially support your spouse. Read full answer

Yes. Canada is currently processing and approving spouse sponsorship applications, and the program is fully active. Processing times are usually around 12 months, but may vary based on the applicant’s situation and country of residence. Read full answer

To be eligible for a spouse visa (spousal sponsorship) in Canada in 2025, the sponsor must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, at least 18 years old, and able to financially support their spouse. The sponsored spouse must have a genuine relationship with the sponsor and pass medical, background, and security checks. Both partners must meet IRCC’s legal requirements for marriage or partnership. Read full answer

Yes, it is possible to apply for spousal sponsorship without meeting in person, especially in cultures with arranged marriages. However, these cases are closely examined by IRCC and require strong evidence to prove the relationship is genuine. Read full answer

No. A Canadian permanent resident cannot sponsor a spouse while living outside Canada. They must be physically living in Canada when submitting the application and throughout the entire processing period. Read full answer

Yes. A common-law partner can get permanent residence in Canada through the spousal sponsorship program, as long as the couple has lived together continuously for at least 12 months in a marriage-like relationship. They must also prove the relationship is genuine and meet all IRCC eligibility requirements. Read full answer

For Canadian immigration, common-law status requires 12 months of continuous cohabitation. The “3 years” rule applies only to certain provincial family law matters, not to immigration. For IRCC purposes, 12 months of living together is the correct requirement. Read full answer

A common-law partner must have lived with their sponsor for at least 12 continuous months in a marriage-like relationship. The couple must prove their shared life with documents such as joint leases, bills, or financial records. The sponsored partner must also pass medical, background, and security checks required by IRCC. Read full answer

Proof of a common-law partnership in Canada includes documents that show you have lived together for 12 continuous months in a committed, marriage-like relationship. This can include joint leases, shared bills, combined finances, and mail showing the same address. IRCC expects clear evidence that your lives are genuinely merged. Read full answer

Conjugal sponsorship is a special category for couples who are in a committed, marriage-like relationship but cannot marry or live together due to serious immigration, legal, or other barriers. It is used only in rare situations where neither marriage nor 12 months of cohabitation is possible. IRCC expects strong proof that the couple has tried to be together but was prevented by circumstances beyond their control. Read full answer

To qualify for conjugal partner sponsorship, the couple must show they are in a committed, marriage-like relationship but cannot marry or live together due to serious barriers beyond their control. They must prove the relationship is genuine and that real efforts were made to overcome those obstacles. The sponsor must also meet all regular IRCC sponsorship requirements. Read full answer

Conjugal partner sponsorship allows a Canadian citizen or permanent resident to sponsor a partner when the couple is in a committed, marriage-like relationship but cannot marry or live together due to serious barriers. The sponsor submits a family-class sponsorship application, and IRCC reviews the evidence to confirm the relationship is genuine and that real obstacles exist. If approved, the conjugal partner becomes a Canadian permanent resident. Read full answer

According to IRCC, a conjugal relationship is a committed, marriage-like partnership where two people share a deep emotional bond, long-term intention, and interdependence—but cannot marry or live together due to serious barriers. The relationship must resemble a marriage or common-law union in every meaningful way except for physical cohabitation. It is more than dating; it must be a genuine, exclusive, and ongoing partnership. Read full answer

Barriers that qualify a couple for conjugal partner sponsorship are serious, documented obstacles that prevent them from marrying or living together for 12 months. These can include immigration restrictions, legal or cultural rules that prohibit marriage, or laws preventing same-sex relationships. The couple must show they genuinely tried to be together but were blocked by circumstances beyond their control. Read full answer

A spouse is someone you are legally married to, and IRCC recognizes the marriage through an official marriage certificate. A conjugal partner, however, is someone you are in a committed, marriage-like relationship with but cannot marry or live with due to serious barriers beyond your control. Spousal sponsorship is common, while conjugal sponsorship is rare and used only when marriage or cohabitation is truly impossible. Read full answer

A conjugal partner is someone in a committed, marriage-like relationship who cannot marry or live with their partner because of serious barriers such as immigration restrictions, legal issues, or unsafe conditions. For example, a couple who are deeply committed but live in different countries where one partner repeatedly faces visa refusals and cannot legally stay long enough to marry or cohabit may qualify. The relationship must function like a marriage despite the distance and obstacles. Read full answer

To sponsor a conjugal partner in Canada, you must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, at least 18 years old, and able to support your partner without receiving social assistance. You must live in Canada (or plan to return if you are a citizen abroad) and meet all IRCC sponsorship requirements. You must also show that your relationship is genuine and that real barriers prevent marriage or cohabitation. Read full answer

You are not eligible to sponsor a conjugal partner if you are under 18, not a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, or receiving social assistance (other than disability). You are also ineligible if you have certain criminal convictions, are bankrupt, are in default of a previous sponsorship, or are a permanent resident living outside Canada. IRCC will not accept a sponsor who cannot meet the legal and financial responsibilities of sponsorship. Read full answer

Yes. Canadian immigration fully accepts and recognizes same-sex marriages from Canada and abroad, as long as the marriage is legally valid in the place where it was performed. Same-sex couples have the same sponsorship rights and pathways as opposite-sex couples. Read full answer

Yes. Same-sex marriage is fully recognized in Canada for immigration, sponsorship, permanent residence, and citizenship. However, marriage itself does not give automatic citizenship — your spouse must first become a permanent resident and then meet the citizenship eligibility requirements. Read full answer

You must show that your relationship is real and ongoing using documents like photos, communication records, travel history, and proof of living or finances together. IRCC does not rely on a marriage certificate alone, they need evidence of a genuine partnership. Read full answer

To qualify for spousal sponsorship, the sponsor must meet eligibility requirements, and the couple must prove their relationship is genuine. The applicant must pass medical, criminal, and background checks and show that the marriage or partnership is legally valid. Read full answer

A marriage certificate alone is not enough for spousal sponsorship. You must also submit evidence showing your relationship is real and ongoing, including communication records, photos, travel history, and shared financial or living arrangements. Read full answer

Affidavits are used when IRCC needs clarification about a couple’s marital history, identity issues, or missing documents. They provide sworn explanations to fill gaps or confirm facts when official records are unavailable or incomplete. Read full answer

You need identification, civil status documents, police certificates, medical exams, and detailed proof of your relationship. Both the sponsor and the applicant must provide the required IRCC forms and supporting evidence. Read full answer

In most spousal sponsorship cases, Canada does not require a minimum income or proof of funds. However, the sponsor must show they can support their spouse financially without relying on social assistance. Read full answer

Strong evidence includes a mix of communication records, photos, travel history, and proof of shared life, such as joint finances or housing. IRCC wants to see consistent and detailed proof that the relationship is genuine and long-term. Read full answer

Conjugal sponsorship requires all standard sponsorship documents plus extensive evidence of your relationship and proof of real barriers preventing marriage or living together. IRCC expects stronger documentation for conjugal applications than for spousal or common-law cases. Read full answer

To sponsor your spouse inside Canada, you must apply through the inland spousal sponsorship program and submit all required forms, documents, and relationship proof while your spouse is physically in Canada. Read full answer

Inland spousal sponsorship typically takes around 12 months to process. Timelines may vary depending on the applicant’s background checks, medical exams, country of origin, and completeness of the application. Read full answer

Yes, one of the key benefits of inland spousal sponsorship is that it allows your spouse to remain in Canada while their PR application is being processed. As long as they hold a valid temporary status, they can stay in Canada for the entire processing period, even if it takes several months. Read full answer

Yes, if you have a valid temporary status in Canada (visitor, worker, or student), you can usually stay while your spouse’s sponsorship application is being processed. However, PR sponsorship itself does not give you legal status, so you must maintain or extend your temporary status. Read full answer

Yes, it is possible to apply for spousal sponsorship without meeting in person, especially in cultures with arranged marriages. However, these cases are closely examined by IRCC and require strong evidence to prove the relationship is genuine. Read full answer

Yes, your spouse may qualify for an open work permit depending on your situation. Most commonly, inland sponsorship applicants can apply for a Spousal Open Work Permit, and spouses of certain workers or students may also qualify under family member work permit rules. Read full answer

You must submit all required IRCC forms, supporting documents, and proof of relationship barriers through the conjugal partner sponsorship package. This includes detailed evidence of your relationship and documentation showing why marriage or cohabitation is impossible. Read full answer

Conjugal partner immigration is for couples who are in a committed relationship but cannot marry or live together due to serious barriers. IRCC requires proof of the relationship and documentation of the barriers preventing cohabitation or marriage. Read full answer

To apply for spousal sponsorship, your marriage must be legally valid, your relationship must be genuine, and both partners must meet IRCC’s eligibility and admissibility requirements. The sponsor must be eligible to sponsor, and the applicant must pass medical, criminal, and background checks. Read full answer

Not always. Some spousal sponsorship applications are approved without an interview, but IRCC may request one if they need to clarify information or verify the genuineness of the relationship. Read full answer

IRCC may ask questions about how you met, how your relationship developed, details about your daily life, family, and future plans. The questions help officers confirm that the relationship is genuine and not for immigration purposes. Read full answer

During a marriage interview in Canada, IRCC asks questions about how the couple met, their daily life, family involvement, and future plans to confirm the relationship is genuine. Officers also explore cultural practices, wedding details, and financial interdependence, and may ask red-flag questions if they suspect a marriage of convenience. In most cases, each spouse is interviewed separately, so their answers can be compared for consistency. Read full answer

IRCC assesses conjugal partner sponsorship applications by determining whether the relationship is genuine, long-term, and similar to a marriage. They also look for clear evidence that the couple faces serious barriers preventing them from living together or getting married. Officers review communication records, efforts to maintain the relationship, and proof that the obstacles are real and beyond the couple’s control. IRCC also checks that the conjugal sponsorship category is truly a last resort, not a workaround for couples who could otherwise live together or get married. Read full answer

In 2025, spousal sponsorship applications in Canada generally take about 10–13 months to process for spouses applying from outside Canada. Inland applications usually take longer, often 18–30 months or more, depending on IRCC workload, background checks, and whether the application is complete. Processing can be delayed further if IRCC requests additional documents or clarification. Read full answer

IRCC calculates spousal sponsorship processing times separately for inland, outland, and Quebec applications using an 80th percentile model. This means the published time reflects how long it took to process 80% of recently finalized, complete applications in each stream. Each type has different processing stages and visa offices, so timelines can vary even when applications are submitted at the same time. Read full answer

IRCC’s spousal sponsorship processing time is affected by the type of application submitted, whether it is inland, outland, or Quebec, as each stream follows a different review process and workload. Timelines also depend on whether the file is complete, how quickly background and security checks can be finished, and the volume of applications being processed. Delays may occur if IRCC requests additional documents or needs to conduct an interview. Read full answer

Several steps in the spousal sponsorship process have a major impact on overall PR processing time. The most important are the initial completeness check, biometrics and medical exam submission, background and security screening, and the assessment of the relationship and supporting documents. Delays usually happen when IRCC has to wait for missing information, updated documents, or needs to schedule an interview before making a final decision. Read full answer

Biometrics appointments affect processing time because IRCC cannot begin background or security checks until the sponsored spouse has provided their fingerprints and photo. If the applicant delays the appointment or if local appointment availability is limited, the entire PR application remains paused until biometrics are submitted. Read full answer

Yes. Delays in completing the required medical exam can extend the processing time because IRCC cannot finalize admissibility or move the application into later review stages until medical results are received. If the applicant books the exam late, misses an appointment, or needs follow-up testing, the PR application remains paused until IRCC receives the completed report. Read full answer

IRCC uses medical and biometrics results to verify a sponsored spouse’s identity, confirm they are not medically inadmissible, and ensure they do not pose security or public safety concerns. These results are essential for completing background checks and admissibility assessments. IRCC cannot finalize a PR application until both biometrics and medical results have been fully submitted and reviewed. Read full answer

Having a visitor visa does not speed up or slow down the spousal sponsorship process. The PR application is processed separately by IRCC, regardless of whether the spouse is visiting Canada. A visitor visa only affects the spouse’s ability to enter Canada temporarily, not the timeline of the sponsorship decision. Read full answer

Marriage verification can affect processing time because IRCC must confirm that the marriage is legally valid and that the relationship is genuine before approving a spousal sponsorship application. If marriage documents are unclear or if officers need more information to confirm the relationship, IRCC may request additional evidence or schedule an interview, which can extend the timeline. This step applies only to couples applying as married spouses, not to applicants using other relationship categories. Read full answer

Common issues that extend the processing time of a Canadian spouse visa include incomplete applications, delays in biometrics or medical exams, additional document requests, and longer background or security checks. IRCC may also need more evidence to confirm the relationship, which can pause the file. These are the main reasons a spouse visa becomes delayed. Read full answer

IRCC usually updates its processing times once a week. These weekly updates reflect how long it took to finalize the most recent applications in each stream, which helps applicants understand the current timeline rather than relying on outdated averages. Read full answer

The spousal sponsorship timeline typically includes choosing the right application stream (inland or outland), submitting a complete application, and IRCC confirming that the file has been received and accepted. Key milestones after that include biometrics and medical exams, sponsor and relationship eligibility review, background and security checks, and finally, the decision and issuance of permanent residence documents. Inland applicants may also receive an open work permit while they are waiting. Read full answer

A spouse visa is often delayed when IRCC needs more information to confirm the relationship, when documents are missing or incomplete, or when steps like biometrics or medical exams are not completed on time. Background and security checks can also extend processing, especially if the applicant has lived in multiple countries. These are the most common reasons spousal applications take longer than expected. Read full answer

Conjugal partner sponsorship usually takes about the same time as other spousal sponsorship categories, often around 10–13 months for most cases. However, these applications can sometimes take longer because IRCC conducts a more detailed review to confirm the validity of the relationship and the barriers preventing the couple from living together or marrying. Complex evidence or additional document requests can extend the timeline. Read full answer

Sponsoring a common-law partner in Canada typically takes about 10–13 months, similar to outland spousal applications. Inland applications may take longer because IRCC performs additional in-Canada checks, but the overall timeline is comparable to other family-class sponsorship streams. Read full answer

Inland spousal sponsorship generally takes longer than outland because IRCC conducts additional in-Canada checks and processes both the sponsor’s eligibility and the applicant’s temporary status at the same time. Outland applications are often faster and handled through visa offices abroad, which allows applicants to remain outside Canada while waiting. Inland applicants, however, may be eligible for an open work permit during processing. Read full answer

The processing time for a spouse’s work permit in Canada varies depending on the type of application. Spouses of foreign workers, international students, or inland PR applicants can expect different timelines, generally ranging from a few weeks to several months. Processing speed depends on the stream, country of residence, and IRCC workload. Read full answer

Sponsored spouses applying inland can usually expect to receive their open work permit in about 4–6 months. The exact timeline depends on IRCC’s workload, how quickly biometrics and other required steps are completed, and whether additional documents are needed. Read full answer

No, applying for an open work permit and permanent residence together does not change the PR processing timeline. The work permit is processed separately and only allows the sponsored spouse to work while waiting; it does not speed up or slow down the PR decision. Read full answer

Just applying for a spousal sponsorship does not automatically allow your spouse to work in Canada. They can only work freely after the application is approved and they become a permanent resident. During processing, the rules depend on the application type: with inland sponsorship, the spouse can work only if they apply for a Spousal Open Work Permit (SOWP) and it’s approved; with outland sponsorship, they generally cannot work during processing, unless they are already inside Canada with a valid temporary status and qualify for the same SOWP option. Read full answer

As of January 21, 2025, Canada tightened spousal open work-permit rules so that spouses qualify only if the principal worker: 

  • works in TEER 0–1 or listed eligible TEER 2/3 occupations
  • has at least 16 months of work-permit validity

For international students, only spouses of those in master’s (16+ months), PhD, or approved professional degrees qualify.
Dependent children of foreign workers or international students can no longer apply for a spousal-type open work permit.
Inland spousal-sponsorship open work permits remain unchanged, existing permits issued before the rule change stay valid, and exemptions apply for certain free-trade agreement categories and workers transitioning to permanent residence. Read full answer

There is no fixed or specific proof-of-funds requirement for a Spousal Open Work Permit (SOWP) in Canada. However, the IRCC may require proof that the couple can support themselves financially during the processing of the application. This is assessed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the sponsor’s income, employment status, and overall financial situation. The couple must demonstrate that they will not need to rely on social assistance while the application is being processed. Read full answer

There is no minimum income requirement to sponsor a spouse in Canada, unless the spouse has a dependent child who also has their own dependent child. Sponsors must still prove they can financially support their partner for the 3-year undertaking and are not receiving social assistance (except disability). Applicants in Quebec must meet the province’s specific MIFI financial requirements. Read full answer

For a spouse visa Canada, the amount of money you need depends on the type of application. A visitor visa for a spouse (TRV) requires showing enough funds for travel, accommodation, and daily expenses, while spousal sponsorship Canada (PR) and SOWP applications have no fixed minimum income, but the couple must show basic financial stability and the ability to support themselves without relying on social assistance. Read full answer

The cost of Canadian spousal sponsorship as of April 2025 includes:

  • IRCC Fees for one spouse: $1,205 CAD (sponsorship fee: $85, processing fee: $545, Right of Permanent Residence Fee when approved: $575).
  • Other potential costs: Biometrics ($85 per person), medical exam ($200–$450), police certificates (varies), translations/notarization, courier fees, and professional fees if hiring a consultant or lawyer.

For dependent children, add $150 per child to the IRCC fees, plus their additional costs (biometrics, medical exams, etc.). Read full answer

As of late 2025, the total spousal sponsorship Canada fee is $1,205 CAD ($85 sponsorship fee + $545 processing fee + $575 RPRF), with extra costs such as biometrics, medical exams, police certificates, translations, and $175 per dependent child. Inland applicants who want an Open Work Permit for Sponsored Spouses must also pay $255 CAD, and couples in Quebec should expect additional MIFI fees. IRCC may adjust permanent residence fees again around April 2026, but no new increase has been announced yet. Read full answer

For a temporary application (visitor visa, TRV, work or study permit), you’ll receive a refusal letter and can usually submit a new application once you have properly addressed the officer’s concerns. For a refused spousal PR sponsorship, outland applicants normally have 30 days to appeal to the IAD, while inland refusals usually require either judicial review in Federal Court or a new, stronger application, so it’s wise to get a professional review before deciding what to do next. Read full answer

Most refusals happen because officers are not convinced the relationship is real and ongoing or because the forms and documents are incomplete, inconsistent, or poorly prepared. Other frequent issues include misrepresentation (even if unintentional), the sponsor not meeting eligibility rules, or the applicant being inadmissible for criminal, medical, or security reasons, and often more than one of these problems is present in the same file. Read full answer

A spouse visa Canada refusal can happen for many reasons, but most come from weak relationship proof, paperwork mistakes, or eligibility issues. IRCC may refuse a spousal sponsorship if evidence looks incomplete or inconsistent, and visitor visa applications are often refused for weak home-country ties, low financial proof, or missing documents. Even small issues can reduce an officer’s confidence, so following all spouse visa Canada requirements is essential to avoid rejection. Read full answer

A sham marriage or hiding key facts in a sponsorship counts as misrepresentation under section 40 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, which can lead to refusal and a five‑year bar on most applications to come to Canada, plus a finding of inadmissibility. If the person already has PR, misrepresentation can still lead to loss of status and removal, and the sponsor remains on the hook for the three‑year financial undertaking and may face criminal consequences in serious fraud cases. Read full answer

If you separate or divorce before the permanent residence is approved, the relationship no longer meets IRCC’s spousal/partner requirements, so the sponsor is expected to notify IRCC and withdraw the application, and IRCC will normally refuse the PR if they learn the relationship has ended. The foreign national then has to maintain or change their status through some other type of visa or permit, and if the break‑up happens only after PR is granted, the PR status itself usually remains, but the sponsor’s three‑year undertaking still applies. Read full answer

You can contact IRCC by phone or webform for status updates, questions, or to report changes, but call‑centre agents cannot push your file ahead of others or change normal processing times. In very rare, well‑documented emergencies, a file might be flagged as urgent, but even then, there is no promise that it will actually be processed faster. Read full answer

You can’t control IRCC’s queue, but you can avoid many slow‑downs by following the official guide and checklist carefully, using current forms, keeping all dates and details consistent, and providing clear, well‑organized relationship proof, police certificates, and translations. Doing biometrics and medicals as soon as they’re requested and answering any IRCC letters or fairness letters fully and on time is crucial; IRCC’s general target is around 12 months for most spousal sponsorships, but real processing, especially for inland files, can be longer, so always watch the online processing‑time tool. Read full answer

Canada does not have a fiancé visa, so being engaged alone does not qualify someone for permanent residence. To immigrate as partners, you must fit one of IRCC’s recognized categories – spouse, common-law partner, or conjugal partner – and most engaged couples choose to marry and apply through spousal sponsorship Canada. A fiancé can still apply for a visitor visa, but it does not give immigration rights or lead to PR. Read full answer 

Because there is no formal fiancé visa, you choose the relationship category that fits: marry and apply as spouses, live together for 12 continuous months and apply as common‑law partners, or use the conjugal partner option only where you truly cannot marry or cohabit because of serious outside barriers. The package always has two main parts: the sponsor’s forms and proof they qualify, and the applicant’s PR forms, relationship evidence, and police/medical checks, all submitted together. Read full answer

You cannot sponsor someone solely on the basis that they are your fiancé; under spouse visa canada requirements, they must first qualify as your legal spouse, common‑law partner (after 12 months of living together), or conjugal partner under IRCC’s definitions. Practically, you look at whether they can qualify to come as a visitor, worker, or student (bearing in mind immigration intent can make approval harder), and once you are married, common‑law, or meet conjugal criteria, you file an inland or outland spousal/partner sponsorship. Read full answer

In many cases, you can invite your partner to visit Canada and get married here, but depending on their citizenship, they may need a TRV or eTA, and the visa officer must still be convinced they qualify for a temporary stay, with enough funds and ties to their home country. An invitation letter explaining your relationship and wedding plans can support the application, but does not guarantee approval, and once you are married, you can apply for spousal sponsorship (and potentially an inland open work permit if they remain in Canada with a valid status). Read full answer

Generally, no: a conjugal partner must live outside Canada, have been in a committed, marriage‑like relationship with you for at least 12 months, and be prevented from marrying or living together because of significant legal or immigration barriers beyond your control. If you are reasonably able to marry or live together to become common‑law, IRCC expects you to use the spouse or common‑law categories instead of the exceptional conjugal route. Read full answer

When starting the spousal sponsorship process, one of the first decisions couples make is whether to apply inside Canada (inland) or outside Canada (outland). Both lead to permanent residence, but each offers a different experience during processing.(If you haven’t yet reviewed the basic Spousal Sponsorship eligibility requirements, you may want to revisit that section first.) Read full answer

Proving a genuine relationship for spousal sponsorship involves more than completing forms; it requires a clear and consistent story supported by appropriate evidence. IRCC closely reviews relationship proof due to fraud concerns, and expectations vary by relationship type. Quality matters more than quantity, and documents must clearly align with the information in your application. Read full answer

Receiving a permanent residence refusal from IRCC can be overwhelming and leave couples unsure how to move forward. However, a refusal does not always mean the process is over or that reunification is no longer possible. Depending on the reasons and legal context, applicants may appeal, reapply, or pursue review through the Federal Court when appropriate. Read full answer

RightWay Canada is one of Toronto’s leading immigration firms, trusted by thousands of families, including over 1,200 successful spousal sponsorship clients. Our Licensed Immigration Consultants and Case Processing Team provide personalized, detail-focused support. Couples can choose flexible sponsorship packages designed to fit different budgets and support needs. Read full answer

You can withdraw or cancel a spousal sponsorship application by notifying IRCC in writing, usually through the IRCC webform. The process and consequences depend on whether IRCC has already started processing the application and whether the sponsored spouse has become a permanent resident. Read full answer

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